The original ACE Study was conducted at Kaiser Permanente from 1995 to 1997 with two waves of data collection.Over 17,000 Health Maintenance Organization members from Southern California receiving physical exams completed confidential surveys regarding their childhood experiences and current health status and behaviors.

Health-Related Quality of Life Barile JP, Edwards VJ, Dhingra SS, Thompson WW.
Associations among county-level social determinants of health, child maltreatment, and emotional support on health-related quality of life in adulthood. Ischemic Heart Disease Dong M, Giles WH, Felitti VJ, Dube, SR, Williams JE, Chapman DP, Anda RF.
Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: the adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study. Gilbert LK, Breiding MJ, Merrick MT, Parks SE, Thompson WW, Dhingra SS, Ford DC.
Childhood adversity and adult chronic disease: An update from ten states and the District of Columbia, 2010. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Anda RF, Brown DW, Dube SR, Bremner JD, Felitti VJ, Giles WH.
Insights into causal pathways for ischemic heart disease: adverse childhood experiences study.
The CDC-Kaiser Permanente Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study is one of the largest investigations of childhood abuse and neglect and later-life health and well-being.
Autoimmune Disease | Cancer | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | Frequent Headaches | Health-Related Quality of Life | Ischemic Heart Disease | Liver Disease Autoimmune Disease Dube SR, Fairweather D, Pearson WS, Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Croft JB. Adverse childhood experiences and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults. Cunningham TJ, Ford ES, Croft JB, Merrick MT, Rolle IV, Giles WH.
Cumulative childhood stress and autoimmune disease. Sex-specific relationships between adverse childhood experiences and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in five states 2010;50(9):1473-81.
In addition, nurses also may be at risk for experiencing violence in the workplace.